{"id":977,"date":"2014-02-03T09:54:56","date_gmt":"2014-02-03T09:54:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/?p=977"},"modified":"2014-02-03T09:54:56","modified_gmt":"2014-02-03T09:54:56","slug":"a-sample-of-the-roslin-institutes-cloning-research-post-dolly-1998-and-2007","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/2014\/02\/03\/a-sample-of-the-roslin-institutes-cloning-research-post-dolly-1998-and-2007\/","title":{"rendered":"A Sample of the Roslin Institute\u2019s Cloning Research Post-Dolly: 1998 and 2007"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Dolly<\/a><\/p>\n

As mentioned in a previous post, Dolly, the sheep caused a media sensation in 1997 as the first cloned animal using a nuclear transfer process\u00a0 and so, I thought it would be interesting to highlight several articles that I came across on Dolly and cloning at the Roslin Institute in 1998 and then again in 2006. I wondered what cloning research had developed over the years since Dolly, the sheep\u2019s birth in 1996 and surprisingly, or not, the articles I came across (that evoked Dolly) dealt with the issue of eating cloned animal meat and the ethical debate of cloning humans for medical purposes.<\/p>\n

Note: \u00a0these four articles are just a sampling of the articles produced by the Roslin geneticists on the\u00a0 issues, debates and research surrounding Dolly, nuclear transfer, animal and human genetics, cloning purposes (medical, agricultural, genetic conservation, etc..) to illustrate what way being discussed at the time. For more articles on these subject, please consult the Roslin Institute off-prints for 1998 and 2006 at GB237 Coll-1362\/4\/.<\/p>\n

\"Update<\/a>In the 1998 Roslin off-print bound volumes, I found Harry Griffiths report, \u2018Update on Dolly and nuclear transfer\u2019 in the Roslin Institute, Edinburgh: Annual Report April 1, 97-March 31<\/i> (GB 237 Coll-1362\/4\/1848) and Sir Ian Wilmut\u2019s article, \u2018Cloning for Medicine\u2019 in Scientific American<\/i>, December 1998 (GB 237 Coll-1362\/4\/1897). Griffiths report describes Dolly’s creation by the Roslin geneticists and notes that their breakthrough caused several other groups to \u2018take advantage of public interest in cloning to advertise their successes \u2026. Calves cloned from adult animals were reported from Japan and from New Zealand.\u2019 The New Zealand clone was from \u2018the last surviving animal of a rare breed\u2019\u00a0 which highlighted the use of cloning to preserve endangered species. He continues with discussing Intellectual Property issues in relation to Professor Yanagimachi and his colleagues at the University of Hawai\u2019i \u2018Honolulu Cloning Technique\u2019 and closes with a couple of paragraphs on human cloning. He notes the UK Human Genetics Advisory Commission and the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority\u2019s report \u2018Cloning\u00a0 issues in Reproduction, Science and Medicine\u2019 from 7 December, 1998 which recommends that \u2018there should be a continued ban on all \u2018reproductive\u00a0 cloning\u2019 \u2013 the cloning of babies \u2013 but gives cautious support\u00a0 to the cloning of human cells for therapeutic purposes.\u2019<\/p>\n

\"IMG_4359\"<\/a>Wilmut\u2019s article in Scientific American<\/i> reports on the how biomedical researchers are developing ways to use genetically modified mammals for medical purposes.\u00a0 He mentions the sheep, Megan and Morag who were the first mammals cloned from cultured cells. A technique that allows cloned sheep to carry human genes and such animals produce milk that can be processed to create therapeutic human proteins. The sheep, Polly, is a transgenic clone of a Dorset sheep and \u2018a gene for a human protein, factor IX, was added to the cell that provided the lamb\u2019s genetic heritage, so Poly has the human gene.<\/p>\n

In the 2006 Roslin off-print bound volumes, I found two fascinating articles:\u2013 Sir Ian Wilmut\u2019s\u00a0 \u2018Human cells from cloned embryos in research and therapy\u2019 in BMJ<\/i> Vol. 328, February 2004 and J. Sark, et al.\u2019s\u00a0 \u2018Dolly for dinner? Assessing commercial and regulatory trends in cloned livestock\u2019 in Nature Biotechnology<\/i>, Vol. 25, No. 1, January 2007.<\/p>\n

\"IMG_4371\"<\/a>Sir Ian Wilmut\u2019s article \u2018Human cells from cloned embryos in research and therapy\u2019 in BMJ<\/i> Vol. 328, February 2004 is one of the more contemporary papers in the collection that discusses stem cell technology and human cloning issues. He cites studies of human genetic diseases and how cloned cells \u2018will create new opportunities to study genetic disease in which the gene(s) involved has not been identified\u2019, specifically describing work with motor-neurone diseases. Then, Wilmut notes how stem cells could be used in treatments for a variety of degenerative diseases, i.e. cardiovascular disease, spinal cord injury, Parkinson\u2019s disease and Type I diabetes. Finally Wilmut discusses the differences in regulation of nuclear transfer and human cloning in various countries, noting that in the United Kingdom, \u2018project to derive cells from cloned embryos may be approved by the regulatory authority for the study of serious diseases. By contrast human reproductive cloning would be illegal.\u2019<\/p>\n

\"Dolly<\/a>Then, in 2007, the article by and J. Sark, et al\u2019s \u2018Dolly for dinner? Assessing commercial and regulatory trends in cloned livestock\u2019 in Nature Biotechnology<\/i>, \u2018reviews the state of the art in cloning technologies; emerging food-related commercial products; the current state of regulatory and trading frameworks, particularly in the EU and the United states and the potential for public controversy.\u2019<\/p>\n

As you can see by these four examples there are a range of issues and concerns that have been discussed over the years. While advances are made in cloning and genetic modification, there are still ethical debates to be had and more research to be done. In reading over these and other similar articles in the Roslin off-prints, I enjoyed learning about the different uses of transgenic animals.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

As mentioned in a previous post, Dolly, the sheep caused a media sensation in 1997 as the first cloned animal using a nuclear transfer process\u00a0 and so, I thought it would be interesting to highlight several articles that I came … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":35,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[3,116],"tags":[29,37,72,90],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p40Aqf-fL","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/35"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=977"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":983,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/977\/revisions\/983"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=977"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=977"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=977"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}