{"id":481,"date":"2013-02-22T10:08:59","date_gmt":"2013-02-22T10:08:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/towardsdolly.wordpress.com\/?p=481"},"modified":"2013-02-22T10:08:59","modified_gmt":"2013-02-22T10:08:59","slug":"zebra-crossing-james-cossar-ewart-romulus-and-the-penicuik-experiments","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/2013\/02\/22\/zebra-crossing-james-cossar-ewart-romulus-and-the-penicuik-experiments\/","title":{"rendered":"Zebra Crossing \u2013 James Cossar Ewart, Romulus and the Penicuik Experiments"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Zebroid, zedonk, zorse, zebra mule, zonkey, and zebrule&#8221; &#8211;\u00a0 these are the names of the offspring of any cross between a zebra, usually the stallion, and any other equine; however, the offspring of a donkey sire and zebra dam is called a &#8220;zebra hinny&#8221; or &#8220;donkra&#8221;, but are rare.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:left\"><a href=\"http:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0945.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-482\" alt=\"Ewart and Romulus\" src=\"http:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0945.jpg?w=300\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0945.jpg 4608w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0945-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0945-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0945-624x467.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>It was around the years 1894-95, when Scottish zoologist, James Cossar Ewart began his Penicuick Experiments in animal breeding on his private experimental farm where he conducted many pioneering investigations in genetics. His most famous experiments were related to telegony, which is the theory, accepted at the time by most scientists and breeders, that \u2018a previous sire may so \u201cinfect\u201d the dam served by him as to impress certain of his characters upon her subsequent offspring by other sires.\u2019 Ewart\u2019s experiments with a variety of species; however, were uniformly negative. One of the most famous experiments with telegony was Darwin\u2019s lengthy citation of \u2018Lord Morton\u2019s Arab mare which first being served by a quagga produced a striped hybrid foal, and subsequently gave birth to an Arab foal as a result of mating with Sir Gore Ouseley\u2019s Arab stallion. This foal, which is figured by Darwin, had striped markings that were said to resemble those of the quagga with which the mare had first mated.\u2019 Ewart attempted to repeat this experiment; however, the quagga species had become extinct by that time, so he decided to use a Burchell\u2019s zebra stallion which served several different breeds of mares which pro<a href=\"http:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0948.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-483 alignright\" alt=\"Romulus and dam\" src=\"http:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0948.jpg?w=300\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0948.jpg 4608w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0948-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0948-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0948-624x467.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>duced striped hybrid foals, called \u201cTartan Cuddies\u201d by the people in the Midlothian area. One particularly fine hybrid of this pairing was \u201cRomulus\u201d. The mares were then bred to horses of their own breeds, but the resulting \u2018subsequent foals\u2019 never showed any evidence of The mares were then bred to horses of their own breeds, but the resulting \u2018subsequent foals\u2019 never showed markings or traits of the previous zebra sire. Ewart collected these findings into a book entitled <em>The Penycuick Experiments<\/em> (1899).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:left\">In addition to these lovely images of Ewart and Romulus, I found a couple of images of a zorse\u00a0and a zonkey!<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:left\"><a href=\"http:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0946.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignright size-thumbnail wp-image-485\" alt=\"Zonkey Hybrid\" src=\"http:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0946.jpg?w=150\" width=\"150\" height=\"112\" srcset=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0946.jpg 4608w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0946-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0946-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0946-624x467.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align:left\"><a href=\"http:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0947.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignleft size-thumbnail wp-image-486\" alt=\"Juno, Zorse\" src=\"http:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0947.jpg?w=150\" width=\"150\" height=\"112\" srcset=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0947.jpg 4608w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0947-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0947-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/files\/2013\/02\/dscn0947-624x467.jpg 624w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Zebroid, zedonk, zorse, zebra mule, zonkey, and zebrule&#8221; &#8211;\u00a0 these are the names of the offspring of any cross between a zebra, usually the stallion, and any other equine; however, the offspring of a donkey sire and zebra dam is &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/2013\/02\/22\/zebra-crossing-james-cossar-ewart-romulus-and-the-penicuik-experiments\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p40Aqf-7L","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/481"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=481"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/481\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=481"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=481"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=481"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}