{"id":468,"date":"2013-02-08T09:38:41","date_gmt":"2013-02-08T09:38:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/towardsdolly.wordpress.com\/?p=468"},"modified":"2013-02-08T09:38:41","modified_gmt":"2013-02-08T09:38:41","slug":"bio-pirate-henry-wickhams-audacious-brazilian-rubber-removal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/2013\/02\/08\/bio-pirate-henry-wickhams-audacious-brazilian-rubber-removal\/","title":{"rendered":"Bio-Pirate! Henry Wickham\u2019s Audacious Brazilian Rubber Removal"},"content":{"rendered":"

An audacious truth or an embellished fiction? \"Sir<\/a>History credits Sir Henry Alexander Wickham (b.1846, d.1928),\u00a0 a British explorer, with bringing 70,000 rubber seeds from the plant, Hevea brasiliensis<\/i>, in the Santarem area of Brazil to the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, London in 1876. These seeds would go on to be shipped to the Far East to establish rubber plantations expanding the rubber industry and breaking Brazil\u2019s monopoly. The export laws in Brazil at this time did not prevent Wickham\u2019s seed gathering and removal, but there is evidence that he may have misrepresented his cargo as \u2018exceedingly delicate botanical specimens specially designated for delivery to Her Britannic Majesty\u2019s own Royal Gardens at Kew\u2019 in order to convince the Brazilian customs officials to grant him an export license. He had hoped to be sent to the Far East to help establish the new rubber plantations; however, Dr. Joseph Hooker, the director of the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew refused to let him go.\u00a0 Evidently Wickham had been promised \u00a310 per 1,000 viable seeds delivered to Kew, but unfortunately he was only rewarded with \u00a3700 for his efforts. \"Hevea<\/a>According to the website, Bouncing Balls<\/a>, there are doubts to the veracity of his story and thoughts that he may have embellished his role. While it is known that he was in the Amazon at that time, there are questions to the collection and the shipping of the seeds. Regardless of what may have actually happened he is known throughout history as committing the world\u2019s first act of bio-piracy by removing Brazilian rubber plan seeds, shipping them off to England and starting the rubber industry in South-East Asia.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

An audacious truth or an embellished fiction? History credits Sir Henry Alexander Wickham (b.1846, d.1928),\u00a0 a British explorer, with bringing 70,000 rubber seeds from the plant, Hevea brasiliensis, in the Santarem area of Brazil to the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, … Continue reading →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":31,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p40Aqf-7y","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/468"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/31"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=468"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/468\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=468"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=468"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/towardsdolly\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=468"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}