{"id":3270,"date":"2025-11-26T09:22:29","date_gmt":"2025-11-26T09:22:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/?p=3270"},"modified":"2025-11-26T09:22:29","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T09:22:29","slug":"shorthand-in-the-new-college-special-collections","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/2025\/11\/26\/shorthand-in-the-new-college-special-collections\/","title":{"rendered":"Shorthand in the New College Special Collections"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>by Danielle Fox, Archive &amp; Library Assistant, New College Library<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Shorthand writing, also known as tachygraphy, stenography, or brachygraphy, is a system of writing that uses symbols and abbreviations to represent words. This method allows the writer to transcribe speech at the same rate it is spoken, making it ideal for recording sermons, lectures, and court sessions. While modern technology has reduced its widespread use, shorthand played a crucial role in communication for centuries and existed in various forms. We are lucky enough to have many wonderful examples of shorthand in our New College collections.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3272\" style=\"width: 235px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3272\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3272\" src=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/Df.9.141_1-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/Df.9.141_1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/Df.9.141_1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/Df.9.141_1-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/Df.9.141_1-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/Df.9.141_1-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3272\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Bright, Timothy. Characterie (1588). University of Edinburgh, Heritage Collections. Df.9.141.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>While shorthand can trace its origins back to ancient times, modern English shorthand systems largely emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>. In 1588, Timothy Bright published <a href=\"https:\/\/discovered.ed.ac.uk\/permalink\/44UOE_INST\/7g3mt6\/alma9924801875402466\"><em>Characterie; An Arte of Shorte, Swifte and Secrete Writing by Character<\/em><\/a>, which introduced a refined system of shorthand that set the stage for future developments.<\/p>\n<p>Other systems followed, such as Thomas Shelton&#8217;s <em>Short Writing<\/em> in 1626, and Isaac Pitman\u2019s shorthand in 1837<em>.<\/em> Early English systems used arbitrary symbols for words or letters but eventually adopted phonetic systems. This meant that shorthand symbols focused on how words sounded, rather than how they were spelled, allowing writers to transcribe faster and capture the pace of speech.<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-3270 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/2025\/11\/26\/shorthand-in-the-new-college-special-collections\/ms-cha-6-21-1\/'><img width=\"204\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-CHA-6-21.1-204x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"Archive notes in shorthand\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-3273\" srcset=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-CHA-6-21.1-204x300.jpg 204w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-CHA-6-21.1-698x1024.jpg 698w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-CHA-6-21.1-768x1127.jpg 768w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-CHA-6-21.1-1047x1536.jpg 1047w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-CHA-6-21.1-1396x2048.jpg 1396w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-CHA-6-21.1-scaled.jpg 1744w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 204px) 100vw, 204px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-3273'>\n\t\t\t\tSamples of Chalmers&#8217; shorthand. [1830]. New College Special Collections. MS CHA 6.21.1-2.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/2025\/11\/26\/shorthand-in-the-new-college-special-collections\/ms-cha-6-21-2\/'><img width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-CHA-6-21.2-225x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-3274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-CHA-6-21.2-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-CHA-6-21.2-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-CHA-6-21.2-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-CHA-6-21.2-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-CHA-6-21.2-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-3274'>\n\t\t\t\tMS CHA 6.21.1-2.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Shorthand was especially popular in the 19th and early 20th centuries for tasks like journalism and secretarial work. However, with the advent of modern technology (like computers and voice recognition software), the use of shorthand has declined. Even though shorthand is less common today, it remains a part of history as a crucial tool for efficient writing.<!--more--><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3275\" style=\"width: 235px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3275\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-3275\" src=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/W.d.12_3-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/W.d.12_3-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/W.d.12_3.jpg 404w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3275\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">West, John. A new system of shorthand (1784). New College Special Collections. W.d.12\/3.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Some of the most notable examples of shorthand in the New College Archives are found in the papers of Rev Dr Thomas Chalmers (1780-1847). Chalmers was instrumental in the establishment of the Free Church of Scotland and New College. He frequently used shorthand in his diary, sermon compositions, and to record important conversations. His shorthand was based on a system developed by John West (1756-1817), a mathematician and priest who taught at the University of St Andrews. A copy of West\u2019s manual, <em>A new system of shorthand<\/em> (1784), can be found in our New College special collections.<\/p>\n<p>Chalmers adapted West\u2019s system to suit his own style, meaning that simply referencing the manual isn\u2019t enough to decode his writings. Fortunately, a \u2018key\u2019 has been left for us, detailing some abbreviations and symbols commonly used by Chalmers. The <em>Phonetic Journal <\/em>published two articles about Chalmers&#8217; shorthand \u2013 one in 1893 by Alexander Paterson and another in 1895 by James M. Warden<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[2<\/a><a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">]<\/a>. Warden mentions that Chalmers&#8217; daughter Margaret Parker Chalmers Wood (1822-1902) was left his papers and had been taught to read her father\u2019s shorthand. This is quite an accomplishment as Chalmers&#8217; handwriting is not known for being the best. It sometimes can be difficult to distinguish his longhand from his shorthand!<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 50%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-3270 gallery-columns-2 gallery-size-medium'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/2025\/11\/26\/shorthand-in-the-new-college-special-collections\/ms-hen-1_image-2-2\/'><img width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-HEN-1_image-2-1-225x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-3278\" srcset=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-HEN-1_image-2-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-HEN-1_image-2-1-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-HEN-1_image-2-1-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-HEN-1_image-2-1-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-HEN-1_image-2-1-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-3278'>\n\t\t\t\tHenderson, Robert. Tachy-graphy or Shortwriting (nd). New College Special Collections. MS HEN 1.\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon portrait'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/2025\/11\/26\/shorthand-in-the-new-college-special-collections\/ms-hen-1_image_1-2\/'><img width=\"225\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-HEN-1_image_1-1-225x300.jpg\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-2-3279\" srcset=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-HEN-1_image_1-1-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-HEN-1_image_1-1.jpg 379w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-2-3279'>\n\t\t\t\tMS HEN 1\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>In addition to Chalmers, the archive contains several other examples of shorthand. One of my favourites is a handwritten book from the 18<sup>th<\/sup> century attributed to Robert Henderson. The title is <em>Tachy-graphy, or, Short writing<\/em>, and although it appears to be styled off the works published by Thomas Shelton and Theophilius Metcalfe, the system itself seems to be unique.<\/p>\n<p>We don\u2019t know what Henderson\u2019s intent was in creating this book, but an almost identical handwritten copy of the volume can be found in the Beinecke Library at Yale University (<a href=\"https:\/\/search.library.yale.edu\/archives\/9482810\">https:\/\/search.library.yale.edu\/archives\/9482810<\/a>). It is possible he hoped his system would catch on.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3280\" style=\"width: 235px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3280\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3280 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-ERS-H4-225x300.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-ERS-H4-225x300.jpg 225w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-ERS-H4-768x1024.jpg 768w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-ERS-H4-1152x1536.jpg 1152w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-ERS-H4-1536x2048.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/files\/2025\/11\/MS-ERS-H4-scaled.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 225px) 100vw, 225px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3280\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sermon notebook of Henry Erskine (1624-1696). New College Special Collections. MS ERS H1.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Several other collections, such as <em>Sermons by Donald Fraser (1733-1841)<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.collections.ed.ac.uk\/repositories\/5\/resources\/86372\">MS FRA 1<\/a>), the <em>Papers of John Fraser (1744-1818)<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.collections.ed.ac.uk\/repositories\/5\/resources\/86375\">MS FR 4<\/a>), <em>Sermons of Andrew Harper (1844-1936)<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.collections.ed.ac.uk\/repositories\/5\/resources\/86398\">MS HAR 1<\/a>), and <em>Sermon notebook of Henry Erskine (1624-1696)<\/em> (<a href=\"https:\/\/archives.collections.ed.ac.uk\/repositories\/5\/resources\/86357\">MS ERS H1<\/a>) all contain shorthand notes in various styles and forms. If you&#8217;re interested in exploring shorthand further, or would like to see any of these materials, please feel free to get in touch. We have no shortage of examples to share!<\/p>\n<p>[1] For a comprehensive overview of the history of shorthand, see: Levy, Matthew. <em>Shorthand: Its History and Its Prospects<\/em>. London, 1885<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> Paterson, Alexander. \u201cDr Chalmers and shorthand.\u201d <em>The Phonetic Journal,<\/em> vol 52, 1893.<\/p>\n<p>[2] Warden, James M. \u201cThe Rev Dr Chalmers and shorthand.\u201d <em>The Phonetic Journal,<\/em> vol 54, 1895.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>by Danielle Fox, Archive &amp; Library Assistant, New College Library Shorthand writing, also known as tachygraphy, stenography, or brachygraphy, is a system of writing that uses symbols and abbreviations to represent words. This method allows the writer to transcribe speech &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/2025\/11\/26\/shorthand-in-the-new-college-special-collections\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":false,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[10,4],"tags":[19,262,182],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p42UaT-QK","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3270"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3270"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3270\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3282,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3270\/revisions\/3282"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3270"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/libraryblogs.is.ed.ac.uk\/newcollegelibrarian\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}